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OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of alanyl-glutamine-enriched nutritional support in the treatment of children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura.@*METHODS@#Children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura who needed nutritional support were enrolled and stratified according to age, sex and the severity of disease, and were randomly divided into a control group (n=118) and an enriched nutritional support group (n=107). The control group was given nutritional support without using alanyl-glutamine, while the enriched nutritional support group was given alanyl-glutamine-enriched nutritional support. Intravenous steroids were used according to the severity of disease in both groups. Other therapies were the same in the two groups. The two groups were compared in terms of the length of hospital stay, the rate and duration of use of intravenous steroids, the recurrence rate of symptoms during hospitalization, the rate of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), the rate of weight loss and the rate of fasting for more than 5 days. All patients were followed up for 3 months after discharge to monitor the recurrence of symptoms.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in the length of hospital stay, the rate of TPN and the rate of fasting for more than 5 days between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the enriched nutritional support group, the control group showed significant increases in the rate and duration of use of intravenous steroids, the recurrence rate of symptoms and the rate of weight loss (P<0.05). After the 3-month follow-up, all the children resumed normal diet, and the recurrence rate of digestive symptoms was less than 20% in each group. Abdominal pain was the most common symptom (83.33%, 30/36), followed by vomiting and abdominal distention. No digestive hemorrhage was observed. All the symptoms were relieved after symptomatic treatment. No significant difference was found between the two groups in the recurrence rate of digestive symptoms (P=0.693).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Alanyl-glutamine-enriched nutritional support in the treatment of children with abdominal Henoch-Schönlein purpura can reduce the use of intravenous steroids and weight loss, but without impact on the length of hospital stay and post-discharge recurrence.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Dipeptides , Parenteral Nutrition, Total , IgA Vasculitis , RecurrenceABSTRACT
Objective The aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) and the genetic characteristics of the class 1 integron in CRKP on multi-drug resistance.Methods Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were collected from multiple departments of a hospital in central China. CRKP strains were identified among the isolates, and antibiotics susceptibility of CRKP strains was analyzed. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was adopted to amplify the class 1 integron variable area. The integron genetic structure was analyzed with enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing technology. The relation between class 1 integron and drug resistance was analyzed statistically.Results Totally 955 strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from varied sites of the hospital, and 117(12.3%) of them were identified as CRKP, with a separation rate of 8.9% (26/292) in 2013, 11.3% (38/336) in 2014 and 16.2% (53/327) in 2015, which shows an increasing trend by year. 44.4% (52/117) of CRKP strains were separated from specimen of ICU, and 61.5% (72/117) were from sputum. Over 95% CRKP strains were resistant to ampicillin/sulbactam, aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, ceftazidme, cefotaxime, cefepime,and piperacillin, while relatively low resistant rates were found in tigecycline (12.8%) and colistin (35.9%). The class 1 integron was detected in 77.8% (91/117) of CRKP strains. Class 1 integron of CRKP was significantly correlated with the antibiotic resistance to the tobramycin, gentamicin and amikacin (all P<0.01). The gene cassette analysis of variable area of class 1 integron showed that aadA2 accounts for 64.8% (59/91), aacA4-catB8-aadA1 23.1% (21/91), and aadA2-dfrA25 12.1% (11/91).Conclusions CRKP has an increasing trend in a clinical setting in China, and most of them were resistant to multiple antibiotics. Class 1 integron in CRKP has strong ability to capture the genes resistant to aminoglycosides antibiotics from environment, with the aadA2 gene as the most popular one.
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Anti-Bacterial Agents , Pharmacology , Carbapenems , Pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Bacterial , Integrons , Klebsiella pneumoniae , GeneticsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on activity and biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp).Methods The broth and agar dilution Methods were carried out to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Scutellaria baicalensis for TW518. VITEK-32 system was used to assay TW518 susceptibility to antibiotics. Kp biofilms were formed in vitro and stained with BacLight Live/Dead stain. The class integron geneⅠ1 mRNA expression was analyzed with RT-PCR.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration of Scutellaria baicalensis on TW518 identified as a Kp colony was 32 mg/ml, and minimum bactericidal concentration was 64 mg/ml. Scutellaria baicalensis and broad-spectrum penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolones, or beta-lactamase had synergistic bactericidal effects. Biofilm formation activity of Kp treated with Scutellaria baicalensis was significantly lower than that of the control group. And class integron geneⅠ1 mRNA expression of TW518 was significantly inhibited by Scutellaria baicalensis.Conclusions Scutellaria baicalensis has sterilization effect on Kp, and Scutellaria baicalensis could effectively inhibit Kp biofilm formation with prolonged treatment. Scutellaria baicalensis might inhibit Kp biofilm formation through down-regulating integron geneⅠ1 expression.
Subject(s)
Biofilms , Integrons , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Physiology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Scutellaria baicalensisABSTRACT
Objective To explore the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis on activity and biofilm formation of Klebsiella pneumonia (Kp).Methods The broth and agar dilution Methods were carried out to determine minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of Scutellaria baicalensis for TW518. VITEK-32 system was used to assay TW518 susceptibility to antibiotics. Kp biofilms were formed in vitro and stained with BacLight Live/Dead stain. The class integron geneⅠ1 mRNA expression was analyzed with RT-PCR.Results The minimum inhibitory concentration of Scutellaria baicalensis on TW518 identified as a Kp colony was 32 mg/ml, and minimum bactericidal concentration was 64 mg/ml. Scutellaria baicalensis and broad-spectrum penicillin, cephalosporin, quinolones, or beta-lactamase had synergistic bactericidal effects. Biofilm formation activity of Kp treated with Scutellaria baicalensis was significantly lower than that of the control group. And class integron geneⅠ1 mRNA expression of TW518 was significantly inhibited by Scutellaria baicalensis.Conclusions Scutellaria baicalensis has sterilization effect on Kp, and Scutellaria baicalensis could effectively inhibit Kp biofilm formation with prolonged treatment. Scutellaria baicalensis might inhibit Kp biofilm formation through down-regulating integron geneⅠ1 expression.
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OBJECTIVE:To observe the clinical efficacy and safety of azithromycin combined with Reduning injection in the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS:80 children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were randomly divided into control group and research group. All the children were given routine treatment,including oxygen inha-lation,defervescence,nutritional support,reducing sputum and relieving asthma,etc. Based on it,children in control group were orally treated by Azithromycin enteric coated tablets 10 mg/kg,once a day. Children in research group were treated by Reduning in-jection 10 ml and 5% glucose injection 100 ml by intravenous infusion,once a day,based on the treatment in control group. The course of both was 14 d. The clinical data was observed,including the clinical efficacy,interleukin-6 (IL-6),interleukin-8 (IL-8),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and the incidence of adverse reactions(ADR)before and after treatment. RESULTS:The total effective rate in research group was significantly higher than control group,with significant difference(P0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Based on the routine treatment,azithromycin combined with Reduning injection has more obvious efficacy than only azithromycin in the treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection with similar safety.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish the Chinese Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) norms in Chongqing, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>PEDI (English version) was translated into Chinese and proof read by back-translation. A total of 1 140 children stratified by age were randomly selected from Chongqing and evaluated by the Chinese version of the PEDI. The obtained data were statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 1 140 questionnaires, 1 075 (94.3%) were valid. The data showed that the raw and scale scores of PEDI increased with age, but the standard scores did not increase with age. The raw, scale, and standard scores on self-care and social function scales were significantly lower than American PEDI norms in some age periods (P<0.05), but the raw, scale, and standard scores on mobility scale were not significantly different from American norms (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The PEDI norms in Chongqing have been successfully established, and can be used to assess the daily function in children, judge the degree of daily function impairment, evaluate the effect of rehabilitation training, and make the rehabilitation plan for disabled children.</p>
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , China , Disability Evaluation , PediatricsABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the immunogenicity of selected B-cell epitopes of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein-2 (LMP2). Methods Three potential dominant B-cell epitopes of LMP2199-209, LMP2318-322 and LMP2381-391 from EBV LMP2 had been predicted using bioinformaties methods. The gene fragments of three epitopes were cloned respectively into pET32a(+) vector and transformed into E. coli strain BL21 (DE3). After identification by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting, the expression products were purified by Ni-NTA agarose affinity chromatography. BALB/c mice in immunized groups were immunized by multi-point intracutaneous injection with the three purified epitope proteins,respectively; and mice in control groups were injected with pET32a (+) protein or phosphate buffered saline(PBS), respectively. The sera from mice at week O, week 3 and week 6 of injection were collected for determination of epitope-specific antibody IgG by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using epitope proteins as coating antigens. The ability of serum antibody recognizing nature EBV antigen was determined at week 6 of immunization. Results Three epitope proteins of LMP2199-209 ,LMP2318-322 and LMP2381-391 were successfully expressed in prokaryotic system. Epitopespecific antibodies IgG could be detected respectively in the sera of all immunized mice, and the levels of antibodies increased with immunized time increasing. The antibody levels in LMP2318-322 immunized group at week 3 and week 6 were significantly higher than that of pET32a (+) protein control group (F= 493.85 and 773.99, respectively; both P＜0. 05), and the antibody levels in LMP2381-391 immunized group at week 3 and week 6 were also significantly higher than that of pET32a (+) protein control group (F= 926.33 and 309.14, respectively; both P＜0.05). Antibody level in LMP2199-209 immunized group at week 6 was significantly higher than that of pET32a ( + ) protein control group (F=87.27, P＜0.05). The antibody IgG in serum from immunized mice with three epitope proteins could all recognize nature EBV antigens, especially LMP2199-209 and LMP2381-391 immunized groups.Conclusions Three possible dominant epitopes of LMP2199-209, LMP2318-322 and LMP2381-391 from EBV LMP2 are prepared by prokaryotic expression system and exhibit obvious immunogenicity, which could be used for further research of EBV infection and related tumor vaccine.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish animal models of reflux esophagitis in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy male Sprague Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups: in Group A (n=20) esophagojejunostomy was performed to induce a gastro-jejuno-esophageal reflux; in Group B (n=20) esophagoduodenostomy was performed to induce a gastro-duodeno-esophageal reflux; in Group C (n=20) total gastrectomy plus esophagojejunostomy was performed to induce a jejuno-esophageal reflux; in Group D (n=10) only was performed sham operation (control).</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among 70 rats, 6 died in Group A, 7 died in Group B, 6 died in Group C, and 72.9 %(51/70) animals were completed in the study. After 12 weeks the incidence of esophageal inflammation was 100.0%; in Groups A, B and C erosion occurred in 11/14 (78.6%), 10/13 (76.9%), 3/14 (21.4%) of animals, respectively; squamous dysplasia was in 10/14 (71.4%), 10/13 (76.9%), 5/14 (35.7%) of rats, respectively; Barrett's esophagus was in 6/14 (42.9%), 5/13 (38.5%), 1/14 (7.1%), respectively. One esophageal adenocarcinoma was found in Group A; no histological changes were observed in Group D.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The animal models of reflux esophagitis can be induced by esophagojejunostomy, esophagoduodenostomy or total gastrectomy plus esophago-jejunostomy in rats; and the former two surgical modalities are better than the later.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Barrett Esophagus , Disease Models, Animal , Esophagitis, Peptic , Classification , Esophagus , General Surgery , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To examine the chemopreventive effect of selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor celecoxib for Barrett's esophagus in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty 8-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats underwent esophagojejunostomy to induce Barrett's esophagus model. Four weeks after operation the animals were given celecoxib 10 mg/(kg*d(-1))(celecoxib group), or saline 1 ml (control group). Another 10 rats were sham operation group. All animals were sacrificed at 20 week after surgery. The degree of inflammation, Barrett's esophagus, adenocarcinoma, COX-2 expression and PGE(2) of animals were assessed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Among 60 rats, 6 rats died in celecoxib group, 8 rats died in control group, 1 rat died in sham operation group, and 45 (75%) rats completed the study. The incidence of mild, moderate and severe degree esophageal inflammation in celecoxib group and control group was 14/19(73.68%), 4/19(21.05%), 1/19(5.26%); 4/17(23.53%), 5/17(29.41%), 8/17(47.06%)(P<0.05), respectively. The incidence of Barrett's esophagus was 7/19(36.84%), 13/17(76.47%) in two group respectively(P<0.05); The incidence of Barrett's esophagus with dysplasia was 2/19(10.53%), 8/17(47.06%)(P<0.05), respectively. The expression of COX-2 was 1/7(14.29%), 10/13(76.92%)(P<0.05) in two groups. PGE2 content was significantly lower in the celecoxib group than that in control group(P<0.001). No esophageal pathological changes were found in sham operation group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Selective COX-2 inhibitors celecoxib can inhibit inflammations, development of Barrett's esophagus and esophagus adenocarcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Barrett Esophagus , Metabolism , Celecoxib , Cyclooxygenase 2 , Metabolism , Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitors , Therapeutic Uses , Dinoprostone , Metabolism , Pyrazoles , Therapeutic Uses , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sulfonamides , Therapeutic UsesABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Mitochondria are not only the important place for consuming oxygen and producing free radical, but also an aggressive target place by endogenous free radical. The changes of structure and function of mitochondria will be take place with aging. Portulaca (Portulaca oleracea L.) is usually called as the macrobiotic vegetable. Portulaca is eutrophic and anti-free radical. It is worth exploring whether the anti-aging action of Portulaca is correlated with its protection on myocardial mitochondria.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of the Portulaca water extract on the lipid peroxidation myocardial mitochondrial phospholipid and the activity of respiratory chain enzymes in aging model mice, and analyze the pathway of protective effect on myocardial mitochondria.DESIGN: A completely randomized design and controlled animal experiments.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiamusi University.MATERIALS: ①The animals were raised and the experiments were completed in the Experimental Animal Center of Jiamusi University from March 2003 to August 2004. The animals were killed, hearts were removed and mitochondria were harvested in the Department of Biochemistry; The indexes were determined in the Department of Biochemistry,experimental center and the College of Chemistry and Pharmacology. ② Thirty healthy adult Kunming mice (either male or female) were divided into 3 groups by random feeling ball method: young control group (n =8), aging model group (n =11) and Portulaca treated group (n =11). ③ Portulaca was offered by Jiamusi Institute of Chinese Herbs, and appraisement by the Department of Crude Drug of Jiamusi University. Portulacas were made into water extract (crud drug 1 kg/L). Standard cardiolipin was offered by Sigma Company (USA), kits for malonaldehyde (MDA) and the activity of Ca2+-adenosine triphosphatase (Ca2+-ATPase) were provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute.METHODS: ①The aging model mice were daily given subcutaneous injection of D-galactose on the nape back (100 mg/kg);Besides, mice in the Portulaca treated group were perfused with the Portulaca water extract (13 g/kg per day) for 30 days continuously, and those in the young control group were daily given subcutaneous injection of saline of the same volume for 30 days continuously. All the mice were killed on the next day after the last administration, and then hearts were quickly removed and reserved. ② Mitochondria were prepared according to the method provided by Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute. The MDA content and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase were determined following the illustration of the kit. The relative amount of cardiolipin in phospholipid on the mitochondrial membrane was determined with the high-performance liquid chromatography. The activities of Complex Ⅰ and Complex Ⅱ +Ⅲ were measured by Wu's method. ③ The differences of measurement data were compared with the analysis of variance and t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Composition of phospholipid on myocardial mitochondrial membrane of mice; MDA content, activities of Complex Ⅰ, Complex Ⅱ +Ⅲ and Ca2+-ATPase in mitochondria.RESULTS: All the 30 mice were involved in the final analysis of results. ① MDA contents in myocardial mitochondria: It was significantly higher in the aging model group [(8.827±0.873) μ mol/g] than in the young control group and Portulaca treated group [(5.194±0.674), (5.901±0.743) μmol/g, t =7.48, 7.22, P ＜ 0.01]. ② Relative amounts of cardiolipin and the activities of Ca2+-ATPase in myocardial mitochondria: Those were obviously lower in the aging model group [cardiolipin:(0.156±0.012) mg/g, (1.267±0.167) μkat/g] than in the young control group and Portulaca treated group [(0.190±0.022),(0.184±0.021) mg/g; Ca2+-ATPase: (1.870±0.254), (1.780±0.237) μ kat/g, t =3.23,5.61, P ＜ 0.05-0.01]. ③ Activities of Complex Ⅰ and Complex Ⅱ + Ⅲ in myocardial mitochondria: Those were significantly lower in the aging model group [(3.517±0.383), (20.217±2.200) μkat/g] than in the young control group and Protulaca treated group [Complex Ⅰ:(6.817±0.600), (6.067±0.750) μ kat/g; Complex Ⅱ + Ⅲ: (56.400±4.933), (51.800±4.217) μkat/g, t =5.74,9.86, P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: The Portulaca water extract has the protective effect on myocardial mitochondria by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation in myocardial mitochondria and enhancing the activities of respiratory chain enzymes.
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BACKGROUND: The death of aging cells is virtually apoptosis. To a certain extent, it can be interpreted as a series of results of gere activities.Therefore, the inhibition of oncogene's expression can lengthen the life span of cells and delay aging of brain tissues.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of abstragulus mongholicus bung (AMB) on apoptosis of nerve cells and the expression of relevant gene in aging mice brain.DESIGN: Completely randomized design and controlled experiment.SETTING: Department of Biochemistry, School of Basic Medical Sciences of Jiamusi University.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Animal Center and Biochemical Laboratory of Jiamusi University from December 2003 to May 2004. Totally 24 healthy Kunming mice were recruited in this study. There were 8 two-month-old mice (young group) and 16 twelve-month-old mice. All the 16 mice were randomized into abstragulus mongholicus bung group and old control group with 8 in each group.METHODS:① AMB group:Mice in AMB group received gastric gavage was provided by the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the First Hospital Affiliated to Jiamusi University, and evaluated by Jiamusi Drug Inspection Bureau. Water decoction was prepared with 2 kg/L raw materials. Mice in old control group and young group were filled with lukewarm boiled water.② All the animals were treated as above for 30 consecutive days before put to death. Their brains were taken out immediately and the middle parts of the brains were removed to fix with neutral formaldehyde. The remaining brain tissues were made into mitochondria suspension. Content of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) was determined with xanthosine oxidase method and TBA chemical colorimetry. Apoptotic cells (cells with yellow nuclei were positive ones) were assayed with in situ end-labeling (ISEL) and expression of bcl-2 gene was assayed with immunohistochemical method. The cells stained brown were positive ones. A total of 400 cells were counted under the 400× microscope. We graded the samples according to the percentage of the positive cells: the number of positive cells ＜ 5% -; 5%-10％ +; 11％-50％ ++; ＞ 51％ ().③ Grade and quantitative data were compared with rank sum test and t-test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Effects of AMB on the rate of neu-ronal apoptosis, the activity of Mn-SOD, the concentration of MDA in mitochondria, and the intensity of the expression of bcl-2 gene.RESULTS: Totally 24 mice entered the final analysis.① Content of MnSOD was higher in young group and AMB group than in old control group (P＜0.05).② Concentration of MDA and apoptotic rate in young group and AMB group were lower than those in old control group (P ＜ 0.01).③Expression of bcl-2 gene was significantly different in young group and AMB group from that in old control group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: AMB is found to be able to obviously inhibit neuronal apoptosis in aging mice brain by affecting the activity of Mn-SOD, the concentration of MDA and the expression of bcl-2.
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Objective To investigate expression of Human papillomavirus (HPV) 11 type E7 protein antigen in prokaryotic cells and its potential use for the serodiagnosis of condyloma acuminatum (CA).Methods The full-length gene encoding for HPV11 E7 protein was amplified by PCR,and cloned into vector pET32a(+) to form recombinant pET32a(+)/HPVll E7 plasmid.The fusion His-E7 protein was expressed and analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting.Using ELISA assay,HPV11 E7 fusion protein were also used to screen human serum IgG antibody from 93 patients with CA,43 patients with cervix cancer and 58 healthy control subjects.Results Highly expressed fusion His-E7 protein was obtained,and purified protein served as a special diagnostic antigen to screen human serum antibody for CA serodiagnosis.It showed that CA group,cervix cancer group and healthy control human serum IgG antibody average value were 1.545?0.131,0.586?0.155 and 0.674?0.150 respectively,positive rate were 76.3% (71/93),11.6% (5/43) and 5.2% (3/58).There was significantly difference between the CA group to compare cervix cancer group and healthy control (P